Justifying apparatus for use in typographical photocomposing machines



July 14, 1953 H R, FREUND 2,645,168

JUSTIFYING APPARATUS FOR USE IN TYPOGRAPHICAL PHOTOCOMPOSING MACHINES Filed Aug. 2, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet l HERM N R. FREUND ATTORNEY July 14, 1953 H. R. FREUND 2,645,168

JUSTIFYING APPARATUS FOR USE IN TYPOGRAPHICAL PHOTOCOMPOSING MACHINES l; P Filed -Aug. 2, 1950 5 Sheets-Sh'i 2 INVENTOR HERMAN R. FREUND ATTORNEY July 14, 1953 H; R. FREUND 2,645,168

` JUSTIFYING APPARATUS FOR USE 1N TYPOGRAPHICAL PHOTOCOMPOSING MACHINES Filed Aug. 2, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEY July 14, 1953 H. R. FREUND JUSTIFYNG APPARATUS FOR USE IN TYPOGRAPHICAL PHOTOCOMPOSING MACHINES 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 2; 1950 INVENTOR 2 c!! HER N R. FREUND BY .I

H. R. FREUND 2,645,158 JUSTIFYING APPARATUS FOR USE IN TYPOGRPHICAL PHOTOCOMPOSING MACHINES Filed Aug. 2, 195o s sheets-sheet s July 14, 1953 @un FE LocAL vm FORT C M @Il EL 06783 SANTAFE vlA BE las? sANTAr-E vlA AMARILLO DL m MILWAUKEE esooos New Yoan oo- ATTORNEY jatentecl .uy 14, 1953 J USTIFYING APPARATUS FOR USE IN TYPO- GRAPHICAL PHOTOCOMPOSING MACHINES Herman R. Freund, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to Intertype Corporation, Brooklyn,

poration of New York N. Y., a cor- Appiieauun August 2, 195o, serial No. 177,145

This invention relates to typographical machines and more particularly to improvements in line justifying apparatus useful in connection with photographic line composing machines embodying the basic principle of the novel justifying apparatus disclosed in U.,S. VPatents Nos.v

2,395,659 and 2,552,882.

In such machines justified lines of type matter are produced photographically byexposing individually on lm or sensitized paper the type characters borne by elements havinga body thickness dimension corresponding to the setwise width of their respective characters, such ele-A ments (including blank word-spacers) being composed into a line of* random length, somewhat shorter than the desired justified length, which is measured for the actual amount of "shortagg by justifying apparatusv at a line measuring station, the elementsv being subsequently removed one by one from the leadingvend of the composed linealong an adjacent end wall to a photographing position. A line-follower serves to deliver the line to the measuring station and subsequently to advancethe remaining elements, after each removal of an elementfin order to bring the successive elements to removal position, and gear and shaft connections from the follower to a nlm holder serve to advance the latter step-by-step to receive the successive .photographic exposures until the follower reaches its line-ending against said end wall.

According to Patents Nos. 2,395,659 and 2,552,882, the justifying apparatus comprises coactable line-compacting members carried by the line-follower and a control rail for actuating such members, the rail being suppOrted on a fixed pivot located at a point about vertically beneath the leading end of a line of elements and Vcorrespending to the line-ending position of the follower, and the rail extending longitudinally from said pivot a distance such as to underlie the line and the follower when the latter is at a linestarting position adjacent to the terminal end of any line up to the longest (say 42 ems) within the capacity of the machine.

The arrangement is such'that upon arrival at the line measuring station the line-followeris temporarily latched at a line-starting position spaced from the end wall adjacent to the leading end of the delivered line of elements a distance corresponding ther length of the `justiiied line to be produced. With the follower thus latched, an upward swing impartedto Ythe control rail (by an operating rod connected thereto' near its free end) moves the compactng members, in opposi- 38 Claims. (Cl. 95-4.5)

tion to a spring, in a direction to press the composed line of elements bodily endwise against the aforesaid end wall and accordingly' away from the follower to the extent of the shortage the operator left in the line, thus providing a meas- Yure or gauge of the total shortage of the line.

Then, as the follower advances step-by-step from its line-starting position in response to each removal of an element from the leading end of the line, and with the rail locked in such inclined position it may have assumed (downwardly toward its pivot) in moving the Icompacting members, one of said co-actable members tracks alongV the rail and in response to its inclination and the urge of their springthey gradually retreat toward the follower. The extent of such retreat for each advance of the follower is of course very small and is governed jointly by the inclination of the control railand the distance the compacting members move relativeY thereto by reason of the thickness of the particular removed element. As a result of such retreating action each step advance of the follower is caused to exceed the thickness of the removed element by a fractional part ofthe total shortagemeasured by movement of the compacting members initially in a direction away from the follower. Thus', the total measured shortage is distributed in the reproduced line by incrementing each advance of the follower, and transmitting such increments to thefilm holder operatively connected thereto,

4tive'throughout the entire line (as usual for producing the ordinary variety of lines of text matter), the compacting members and control rail cooperating continuously, from the line-starting to the line-ending position of the line-follower,

-to distribute increments of the measured amount of shortage to every character and word-space element in the line. For this reason the justifying apparatus shown in Patents 2,395,659 and 2,552,882 is not suited for producing justified lines containing tabular matter wherein, aswell known, the tabular portions of the line must not be subjected'to the justifyingy action.

It will also be apparent that only for relatively long lines is the justifying apparatus shown in f the aforesaid patents capable of measuring the maximum shortage within its operating range (say up to 3 ems of shortage which is a practical limit for the operator to allow), it being evident that only for long lines will the lin-e-starting position of the follower be disposed toward the free terminal end of the control rail which describes the greatest arc and is thus capable of actuating the compacting members to the maximum extent. For relatively shorter lines, wherein the line-starting position of the follower is closer to the pivot of the rail, it is incumbent upon the operator to compose them more nearly to the final justified length, that is, to reduce the amount of shortage required to be measured to within the measuring range of the compacting members when moved by the progressively smaller arcs described by portions of the rail closer to its fixed pivot,

An object of the present invention is to provide improved justifying apparatus of the character described whereby the justifying action thereof may be made elective in the regular manner throughout an entire line, or may be rendered ineffective over pre-selected portions of a line, thus enabling the production of justified lines containing tabular matter at either or -both ends.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved justifying apparatus of the character described which is capable of measuring and distributing the same amount of shortage, up to the maximum within its operating range, in respect to lines of any length (or selected portions thereof) from the shortest to the longest line within the capacity of the machine.

A further object of the invention is to provide improved justifying apparatus of the character described whereby the justifying action thereof may be rendered ineffective at will over the entire length of any line, thus enabling the production of iandom length lines which according to desire have their starting or their terminal ends aligned or flush at the left or at the right hand margin of a column.

To accomplish the foregoing objectives, the invention provides justifying apparatus comprising line-compacting members carried by the linefollower, and a control rail for actuating such members as described in the above-identified patents. However, instead of the end of the control rail beneath the line-ending point of the line-follower being supported for swinging on a fixed pivot, its opposite end is supported for swinging on a hinge carried by a block having a top surface co-extensive with the rail and which is adjustable endwise to dispose either the hinge of the rail or a portion of the block in correspondence with any line-starting position of the follower. Then, for supporting the free portion of the rail extending from its hinge toward the line-ending point of the follower, there is provided a pivot about which the rail is adapted to rock and which may be set at the line-ending point of the follower or offset therefrom toward the hinge of the rail. The block to which the rail is hinged is adjustable endwise on a horizontal member of a movable frame adapted to elevate the block and accordingly the hinged end of the rail in order to actuate the compacting members and concurrently to dispose the rail angularly in the path of the line-follower. As a result of this arrangement wherein the elevated end of the rail is aligned with the follower at any line-starting position thereof, the compacting members will always be subjected to the 4 greatest arc of swing of the rail and accordingly be actuated thereby to any extent up to the maximum within their measuring range, Whether the composed line of elements to be measured is short or long.

Thus, in the production of lines containing tabular matter at the left or starting end thereof (see Fig. l2), the block to which the control rail is hinged is initially set so as to dispose the hinge of the rail at a point offset from the linestarting position of the line-follower to the extent of the tabular portion of the line. In such cases the block provides a level track which prevents retreat of the line shortage compensating and compacting members until the follower advances them up to the hinge point of the rail, and the justifying action is thus rendered ineffective until the elements from which tabular matter is produced are removed.

In the production of lines containing tabular matter at the right or terminal ends thereof (see Fig. 13) the rail supporting pivot remote from the hinged end of the rail is initially set at a selected point ahead of the. line-ending position of the line-follower,l at which point the total measured line shortage will have been distributed among the elements removed from the line and justifying action ceases when the line-follower has advanced to the selected point.

In the production of lines containing tabular matter at both ends thereof (see Fig. 14), both the hinged end of the rail and the rail supporting pivot remote therefrom are set at selected points betweenr the line-starting and line-ending positions of the line-follower, whereupon the justifying action is effective only during the retreat of the co-actable compacting members while the line-follower tracks over the portion of the rail between its hinged end and its supporting pivot.

To render the justifying action ineffective over the entire length of any line, in order to produce lines of random length which are flush at their right hand or terminal ends (see Fig. 16), the invention provides means whereby the control rail may be locked against vertical movement so as not to actuate the compacting members at all, whereupon the follower and the nlm holder partake of a free initial advance as far as necessary to bring the rst element of a composed line of any length to removal position, then continue to advance (in response to each removal of an element) to the line-end position which is constant inv all cases, thus producing on the film lines which all end at a common or flushright margin and are of such random length as may be composed. To produce random length lines which are flush at their left hand or starting ends (see Fig. 15), the invention provides means whereby the control rail may be locked against angular movement for elevation, in a horizontal plane, into co-actable relation with the line-follower and thus actuate the compacting membersv only to the extent of the shortage left in the composed line, whereupon the compacting members remain in their adjusted position as the line-follower tracks on the elevated rail during the removal of the successive elements in the line whereby lines produced on the film all start at a common or flush-left margin but end at random points according to the disposition of the'last character element in the composed line.

To these and other ends the invention consists in the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts as illustrated and described in connection with the accompanying drawingswhich show one specific embodiment thereof and in which:

Figure l is a fragmentary front elevation of a photographic line composing machine, showing the component parts of the improved justifying apparatus at the line measuring station of the machine and in normal position prior to a line measuring operation.

Figure 2 is a plan view showing the parts at the top of Fig. 1 which are involved in locating the line-follower in a line-starting position corresponding to the justified length of line it is desired to produce.

Figure 3 shows a portion of the apparatus in Fig. 1 with the supporting pivot remote from the hinged end of the control rail set at a selected point ahead of its normal position shown in Fig. 1, as when a line to be produced contains tabular matter at its terminal end.

Figure 4 is a perspective view showing the com-V ponent parts of the improved justifying apparatus, the hinged end of the control rail being located in offset relation to the line-starting position of the line-follower, as when a line to be produced contains tabular matter at its leading end.

Figure 5 is an end elevation of the improved apparatus as viewed in the direction of the arrows in Fig. 1, and shows in their inactive positions locking bolts which when moved to an active position render the justifying action ineffective, the bolt seen about centrally of the figure being used when producing .iiush-left lines and the bolt seen toward the bottom being used when producing ush-right lines.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary sectional View showing the flush-left locking bolt seen opposite and about centrally in Fig. 5 in its active or locking position relative to the control rail.

Figure '7 is an end elevation showing a portion of the parts in Fig. 45 in operative position,` with the ush-left locking bolt in active position as in Fig. 6.

Figure 8 is a side elevation showing the arrangement of cams and levers for operating and locking the control rail and for locking and releasing the line-follower.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 9-9 in Fig. 8, showing thetoggleaction lock provided for cooperation withv the mechanism which operates the control rail.

Figure 10 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line I--l in Fig. '7, showing in detail the construction of the spring detent provided for locating in different adjusted positions the pivot on which the control rail rocks when its hinged end is raised, asimilar detent being provided for locating the hinged end of the rail at different positions relative to. the line-starting position of the line-follower.

Figures l1 to 16 inclusive are similar schematic illustrations showing the improved apparatus in different positions of adjustment; Fig. 11 indicating the adjustment wherein the justifyingraction is effective throughout a line, as usual in respect to ordinary text composition; Fig. 12 indicating the adjustment wherein the justifying action is ineffective over a portion of a line containing tabular matter at its starting end; Fig. 13 indicating the adjustment wherein the justifying action is ineffective over a portion of a line containing tabular matter at its terminal end; Fig.

14 indicating the adjustment wherein the justify-v 6 ing action is ineffective over portions of a line containing tabular matter both at its startingand terminal ends; Fig. 15 indicating the adjustment wherein the justifying action is ineffective throughout a line whereby to produce flush-left? lines of random length, and Fig. 16 a similar adjustment for producing flush-right lines of random length. f

In accordance with the present invention, lthe improved justifying apparatus is shown as embodied in a letter-by-letter photo-composing machine of the character described in U. S. Patents Nos. 2,395,659 and 2,552,882, wherein such machines include justifying apparatus which is adapted to be modified in accordance with the present invention. Character-bearing elements of the kind employed in such machines are described in Patents Nos. 2,231,925 and 2,486,834, and one such element, designated M, is herein shown in elevation in Fig. 5.

As described in connection with the foregoing machines and as shown in Fig. 1 herein, a composed line of character-bearing elements M-i, when presented in front of the line-follower l, is delivered thereby to the line-measuring station where the delivered line, indicated by dot-dash lines, is designated M-2. Upon arrival at the line-measuring station the line-follower is momentarily latched to the rider 2 which is preset manually along the line-feed rack 3 at a position corresponding to the length of the justified line to be produced. Such latched position of the follower at the terminal end of the composed line of elements is its line-starting position, that is, the position from which it advances step-bystep upon removal of the elements individually in succession yfrom the leading endof the line,v such removal being effected by feed chains or ther like (not shown) adapted to move the elements upwardly along the wall C of the element feed channel, formed in the right side of the camera housing H, to the optical axis 0 6 for photographic exposure.v p

Setting of the rider 2 and accordingly the linefollower to the desired line-starting position is accomplished by adjusting devices, including a hand wheel adjacent to the' keyboard, such las ldescribed in detail in Patent No. 2,552,882. Briefly, the adjusting devices comprise an upright shaft @i which is rotatable' through suitable connections tol the aforesaid hand wheel (not shown) and` carries at its upper end a bevel gear 5 which normally mesh with a companion gear 6, the latter gear being rotatably mounted in a bracket l secured to the feed rack 3, as shown, and being internally threaded on the elongated threaded spindle 8 which is secured at its opposite ends to the sight-piece 9 and a lug at the rear of the rider 2. As evident, rotation of the gear 6 when the shaft 4 is turned results in moving the spindle 8 and the rider and sight-piece secured thereto as a unit relative to the feed rack 3, the arrangement being such that when the sight-piece is disposed at the desired linelength reading indicated on the em scale Hi fixed to the feed rack 3, the location of the rider 2 `along the rack will .be such as to X the line-starting position of the follower in correspondence with the indicated length of line.

The foregoing adjustment of the rider 2 is made, of course, when the line-follower i is in its normal or retracted position at the delivery station (extreme right in Figs. l and 2) and the line-feed rack 3 is locked in its normal position, as seen in Figs. 1 and 2, by engagement with a amarres l pinion II of a tooth at the upper end of the locking rod I2, the pinion I I being constantly in mesh with teeth on the underside of the rack.

In Figs. 1 and 2, the line-follower I is shown latched to the rider 2 with the latter and the sight-piece 9 set for a 30 em line, thus disposing the follower at a corresponding line-starting position wherein its left face (the face of the plunger head I4b provided therein as shortly explained) stands 30 ems away from the vertical wall C of the feed channel (as indicated in Fig. 2) which is the constant line-ending position of the follower, the composed line of elements M-2 between the follower and the wall C being somewhat shorter than 30 ems, as usual for justification purposes.

Turning now to the improved justifying apparatus of the present invention, a portion thereof is constituted by co-actable line-compacting members carried by the line-follower and corresponding to similar members fully described in Patent No. 2,395,659. The remaining portion of the improved justifying apparatus is constituted by the novel construction of the control rail I herein provided for actuating the compacting members, and the means by which this rail is adjusted and operated in order to accomplish the objectives hereinabove set forth.

As herein shown the line-compacting members comprise the wedge member I3 which is shiftable vertically in suitable guides within the follower body 'and which when moved upwardly drives the horizontally movable plunger I4 leftward away from the body of the Vfollower (in a line compacting direction) in opposition the spring I5. In Fig. l the members I3, I4 are shown held in their idle or inactive positions by the spring I5, such positions being established by engagement of the plunger head I4b against the body of the follower' simultaneously with engagement of the upper end of the stroke-limiting slot IB in the member I3 against the stop screw I'I, the retractingurge of the spring I5 on the plunger stem |4 being transformed to a downward urge of the roller |43 (mounted on the stem) against the wedge surface of the member I3 to effect such simultaneous engagements.

The adjustable control rail hinge for regular and left hand tabular Zines Referring to Figs. l, 4 and 5, the novel control rail I9 is hingedi as at 20, to a block 2| the inner side of which is formed to slidably embrace a T-shaped rack-bar 22 along which the block may be adjusted endwise to different line-length positions relative to the line-starting position at which the follower I may be set. A sight-piece 23 on the block 2| indicates its Set position relative to an em-scale 24 mounted on a cross-bar 25 to which the rack-bar 22 is secured, and a spring-pressed pawl suitably housed in the block 2| (similar to the arrangement seen in Fig. 10) and operated by a finger button 26 serves to lock the block 2| in different adjusted positions along the rack-bar 22. As indicated, the top surface of the rail I9 is coextensive with the top surface of the block 2|, and the rail is of suicient length to underlie the follower and a line of elements when the block 2| is set for the longest line indicated on the scale 24.

The cross-bar 25 extends horizontally beneath the line-measuring station of the machine and is secured to the upper ends of a pair of rods 2'! which together with the cross-bar 25 form a support, the rods 2'I being guided for movement Ver- 8 tically in an upright bracket 28 secured to the' rigid housing 29 beneath the line-measuring station of the machine. As seen in Fig. 4, the rods 21 are pinned to a cross-tic 30 for movement in unison whereby to elevate the support, the block 2| and the hinged end 20 of the rail I9 and thus actuate the compacting members I3, I4. Such movement is imparted to the rods 2`| by a fore and aft lever 3| (Fig. 8) pivoted at 32 on a rigid frame portion of the machine, the forward arm of the lever 3| being connected to depending lugs on the cross-tie 30 by a link 33, and its rear arm being provided with a roller 34 adapted to ride on a cam 35 on the main drive shaft 36 of the machine. A spring 3|a urges the lever 3| counterclockwise on its pvot whereby to maintain the roller `31| in operative relation with the cam 35.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that when the cam 35 turns in the direction of the arrow in Fig. v8 (as it does in timed relation with arrival of a composed line of elements at the linemeasuring station) the depressed contour 35a of the cam allows the lever 3| (influenced by the spring 3|n) to rock upwardly at its forward end, thus elevating in unison the rods 2l, the crossbar 25, the block 2| and the hinged end of the control rail I9, the latter swinging on its hinge, to an inclination downwardly, about a supporting pivot which will shortly be explained. Such elevation of the block and the rail against the overlying roller I8 on the wedge member I3 obviously results in driving this member upward and in turn driving the associated plunger I4 leftward in a line-compacting or line-shortage measuring direction, this condition being illustrated in Fig. 4 wherein the plunger head I4b will be seen to project away from the left side of the body of the line-follower I. The extent to which the coacting members I3, I4 are driven depends, of course, upon the amount of shortage the operator may have left in a composed line of elements ahead of the follower. However, the depressed contour 35a of the cam 35 is of such depth as to permit elevation of the cross-bar 25 and the block 2| suiiciently to measure the maximum amount of shortage it is practical to leave (say 3 ems) in the longest line the machine will produce. When the shortage to be measured is less than such maximum the roller 34 on the operating lever 3| will, of course, stand somewhat away from the depressed contour of the cam while the spring 3|a moves the compacting members as far as is required to take up the line shortage.

From the foregoing it will also be apparent that the block 2| may be adjusted along the rack 22 so as to dispose the hinge 20 of the rail I9 either directly in vertical alignment with the axis of the rail tracking roller I8 (in correspondence with the line-starting position of the line-follower as indicated on the respective scales 24 and I0), or to offset the rail hinge 23 to the left of the axis of the roller I8. In either event, since the hinged end of the rail I9 and the block 2| are elevated together and since the latter, when at any line-length position along the rack-'bar 22, can elevate to any extent up to the maximum line-shortage measuring capacity of the compacting members, said members (as distinguished from those of Patent No. 2,395,659) are rendered capa-ble, when actuated, of measuring the same amount of shortage in lines of any length from the shortest to the longest the machine will produce. The object of so adjusting the block 2| as to offset the rail hinge 2i] to the left of the starting position of the follower 9 and the axis of the roller I8 is to provide a level surface (the top of the block 2 I) along which the roller may track before the compacting members start retreating, thus rendering the justifying action ineffective over such portion of a line toward its starting end as may contain tabularl matter.

As shown in Figs. 8 and 9, a conventional Atoggle-action lock is provided for holding the rods 21 in the position they assume in elevating the block 2I and the hinged end of the rail I9- as described above. Such lock comprises similar linksy 31 having forked outer ends adapted to clamp against the rods 21, the links being oper ated by a rod 38 connected thereto at 39 and slidable fore and aft in 'Suitable guides, the rod being connected at its opposite end to rocker arm 40 (mounted on a suitable fixed pivot, not

TheudiustabZe control ruil pivot for regular and right hand tabular lines Referring now to the specific construction of the control rail I9 and the means provided for pivotally supporting this rail at points beyond its hinge 20, attention is directed to Figs. 2, 4 and 5. A shown, the rail I9 comprises upper and lower members suitably secured together in parallel spaced relation, whereby to lprovide between them an elongated open slot 44 which accommodates the shoe 45 of a stirrup bracket havingupright arms 46. Pins 41 projecting outwardly from the arms 46 through slots 48 formed in upstanding side plates 49 provide a pivot which rockably supports the stirrup and in turn the rail straddling the shoe 45. The arrangement is such that when adjusting the block 2| endwise on the rack-bar 22 (with the various parts in the idle or in active position shown in Fig. 1) the rail I9 simply slides freely over the stirrup shoe 45. However, when the block 2l is elevated the rail swings to an inclination downwardly from its hinge and by reason of straddling the stirrup lshoe 45 it rocks the stirrup about the pivot 41.

Such operation position of the various parts is clearly depicted in Fig. 4, wherein the stirrup bracket has been rocked from its normal vertically suspended position as seen in Fig. l to en angular position normal to the inclinationof the control rail I9.

Thus, the pivot axis 41 as so far explained corresponds, in effect, to the stationary pivot of the control rail in Patent No. 2,395,659, it being apparent in Fig. 1 that the pivot 41 is disposed at a point about vertically beneath the leading end of the composed line of elements M-Z and which corresponds to the line-ending point in the travel of the follower I, that is, the point at which the line-oompacting members will have fully retreated (due to removal of all of the elements and to the downward inclination of the rail from its hinge 20 to the pivot 41) and at' which point the axis of the roller I8 coincides laterally with the axis of the pivot 41 simultaneously with stopping of the follower against the vertical wall C of the element feed channel.

However, as hereinbefore described, the pivot 41 about Whichthe rail IS rocks when its hinged end 20 is elevated isarranged for adjustment endwise toward the hinge 2i), whereby to establish for the roller I8 a line-*ending point along the rail which is in advance of the constant line-ending point of the follower by a predetermined amount. The object of such adjustment of the pivot 41 is to enablethe compacting members to fully retreat before all the elements in aline are removed, thus rendering the justifying action ineective over such portion of a line toward its terminal and as may contain tabular matter.

Referring to Figs. 4, 5 and 7, the pivot axis 41 is arranged for such endwise adjustment by mounting the upstanding plates 49 on a block 50 which is formed on its inner side to slidably erne brace a T-shaped rack-bar 5I secured to the rigid upright bracket '28. A spring-pressed paWl 52 suitably housed in the block 5D, see Fig. l0, and operated by a finger button 53 serves to lock the block 50 in different adjusted positions along the rack-bar 5l, asl indicated by the position of the arrow 54 relative to the ein-scale 55.

In Fig. 1 theblock 5i! is shown `set at the zero mark on the'scale 55, whereby the pivot 41 stands about vertically beneath the leading end of the line of elements M-Z. In Fig. 3 however, the block 59 is set l0 ems to the right of the zero point' on the scale 55, thus disposing the pivot 41 correspondingly at a point 10 ems in advance of the line-ending position of the lineefollower, or 20 ems instead of 30 ems from the line-starting position for which the follower' is set, as vindicated on the scale 24 in Fig. l. As a result, after the hinged end of the rail is elevated to effect a linen shortage measuring operation of the line-comm pacting members, only the inclined portion of the railV I9 `between its hinge 2B and the pivot 41 operates to effect retreating action of the compacting members as the follower advances the rail tracking roller i8 along such portion of the rail. the retreating action being complete as soon as the axis of the roller I8 coincides with the pivot axis 41 at its 1'0 em setting. In consequence, the justifying action iseifective only in respect to the elements removed from the rst 20A ems of the composed line,'and as the elements in the remaining lO'ems of the line are removed the roller IS leaves the rail and moves in a horizontal path along with the follower until the latter reaches its constant line-ending position against the wall C of the feed channel.

It will now be evident that adjustment of the rail hinge 2l) and/or of the rail supporting pivot 41 to points offset, respectively, from the linestarting and/or the line-ending positions of the follower I causes the justifying action (retreat of the 'compacting members) t-o be effective only between such offset points, and to be ineffective in respect to tabular character-bearing elements removed frorn a composed line as the follower advarices from its line-starting position up to the hinge 29 and from the pivot 41 to its line-ending position against the wall C lof theelement feed channel.

The bolts for rendering justifying action inejective when producing Zines iust at tite left or right4 hand margin The means providedfby the invention for renm dering the justifying action ineffective over the entire length of any line, whereby to enable the production of either "fiush-right. or flush-left lines, lwill now be described with reference to Figs. 5,16 and '1. As bestl seen in Fig. 5, such means comprises the locking bolts v55 and 51 either of which may be shifted endwise into active position, as desired, by properly setting a hand lever 58 in the manner shortly to `be explained.

The bolt 56 is used when producing flushright lines and is shiftable endwise in suitable bearings 59, 59a beneath the top of the housing 29, a spring 50 hooked at one end to the bearing 59 and at the other end to the bolt urging the latter to its retracted or inactive position where a pin l in the bolt banks against the bearing 59, as clearly shown at the bottom of Fig. 5. When retracted, the inner end of the bolt 55 stands clear of a cooperating recess 55a in the right hand rod 2l, see Figs. l and 5, and its outer or forward end is disposed in the path of a. pin 52 fixed in a collar 63, the latter being secured to a cross shaft 54 which is rockable axially in suitable bearings in the opposite side walls of the housing 29. For rocking the cross-shaft 54 there is secured to a portion thereof projecting beyond the right hand wall of the housing 29 an enlarged collar 55 to which is attached the a-bovementioned hand lever 53.

The bolt 51 is used when producing flush-left lines and is shiftable endwise in a bearing sleeve 55 fixed to and extending rearwardly from the left end of a cross-bar 25, see Figs. 4, 5 and 7, the bolt being provided with several notches El by which it may be held in different shifted positions by a spring-ball detent 68. When in its retracted or inactive position shown in Fig, 5, the outerV or forward end of the bolt 51 lies about flush with the front face of the rack-bar 22, the latter being bored coextensively with the bearing in sleeve 55 to accommodate the bolt.

By setting the hand lever 58 according to the markings on the collar 65 to which it is attached, either of the locking bolts 5B or 51 may be shifted from their inactive positions shown in Fig. 5 to an active position, Thus, by swinging the lever 58 to the F. R. (flush-right) designation and in so doing rocking the cross-shaft S4 anticlockwise, as viewed in Fig. 5, the .pin 52 drives the bolt 55 inwardly (in opposition to the spring E6) so that its inner end engages an annular recess 56e in the right hand one of the guide rods 21 and thus locks the rods 21 against functioning in response to the lever 3| and cam 35. By swinging the lever 58 to the F. L. (flush-left) designation and in so doing rocking the cross shaft 54 clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 5, suitable driving connections (described immediately below) ope ate to project the bolt 51 into the open slot 44 in the rail I9, see Fig. 6, thus locking the rail to the cross-bar by which it is elevated when the ,l

rods 21 respond to their operating lever 3 I.

The driving connections for shifting the bolt 57 comprise a continuous chain 69 extending from a sprocket 1G fixed on the cross-shaft 64 to a sprocket 1l xed on a stub shaft 12, the latter having pinned thereto a spur gear 13 which normally engages teeth 14 on the underside of the bolt 51. The stub shaft '12 is rotatable in a bearing at the upper end of an upright bracket 15 secured to the housing 29 toward the rear left edge thereof, and the chain 59 passes over intermediate idler sprockets 16 and 11 pinned respectively to similar shafts 18 which are rotatably mounted at one end in a bearing lug 19 and at the other end in the left wall of the housing 29, as shown in Fig. l. Accordingly, when the hand lever 58 is turned forwardly, from the upright position indicated in full lines in Fig. 5 to the flush-left position indicated by dash-lines, clockwise rotation of the gear 13 by the chain 69 drives the bolt 51 to the right or forwardly into locking engagement with the rail i9, as clearly shown in Fig. 6. When the hand lever 58 is turned backwardly from its upright position to the nosh-right position indicated by dash-lines in Fig. 5 (in order to shift the bolt 55 into action), anticlockwise rotation of the gear 13 by the chain simply produces an idle backward movement of the bolt 51 to the extent of the distance seen between the two closely spaced detent engaging notches B1. As apparent, return of the hand lever 58 to its upright position from either the L. or F. R. setting restores the bolts to their inactive positions shown in Fig. 5, the chain and gear drive operating to retract the bolt 51 and the spring operating to retract the bolt 55.

When the flush-right bolt 56 is shifted into active position wherein its engagement with the recess 5ta locks the rods 2T from functioning to elevate the control r-ail l5, the line-ccmpacting members of course remain inactive. Under such condition the line-follower and the nlm holder when released Ifrom ytheir line-starting positions partake of a free initial advance as far as necessary to bring the first element of the composed line to removal position against the wall C of the feed channel, then continue to advance until all of the elements are removed, 4the roller IB meanwhile standing clear of the rail I9, as in Fig. l5. Accordingly, no justifying action takes place and the lines produced on the film startl at random points consistent with the disposition of the nrst character-bearing element in the composed line of elements but terminate at the common or flush-right margin established by the constant line-ending position of the follower against the wall C.

When the flush-left bolt 51 is shifted into active position wherein it engages the slot 44 in the rail I9, it locks the rail to the cross-bar 25 at a point remote from its hinged end 20. Accordingly, elevation of the bar 25 by the rods 21 effects elevation of the rail parallel throughl out its length, elevation of the bolt 51 out of mesh with its gear '13, as shown in Fig. '1, and elevation of the stirrup 45--46 by the straddling rail, the pivot 41 moving from the bottom toward the top of the slots 48 in the side plates 4S, as indicated in Fig. l5. By reason of such parallel elevation of the rail I9 the line-compacting members are actuated yto the full extent of such shortage as may be left in the composed line of elements ahead of the line-follower, but with the rail locked in its elevated position (by action of the toggle lock on rods 21) the compacting members are held in their actuated position and against 'any retreating action as the follower' and the roller I8 advance to their line-ending positions relative to the level rail I9. Under such condition the justifying action is rendered ineffective entirely and the lines produced on the lm start at a common or flush-left margin but end at random points in accordance with the disposition of the last character element in the line. The bolt 51 is restored into mesh with the gear 13 as the rail hinge 20 and the pivot 41 are simultaneously lowered by response of the rods 21 to the'cam 35.

In connection with the shifting of the bolt 51 into active position for a ilush-left operation it will be observed that the lower member of the rail I9 is provided with a raised rib 80 which reduces the width of the slot 44 except at the left end thereof whereby to prevent shifting of when resting at the ,bottom end of the slots 48A In Fig. the bolt 51 isin the side plates 49. shown extended into the slot 44 just clear o'f the rib 80 when thesight-piece 23 on the block 2| is opposite the 42 em marking o-n the scale 24.

In the use of the bolt 51 as aforesaid, it should also be noted that the lines of elements must be composed to within the maximum line-shortage measuring capacity of the compacting members (say 3 ems). The reason for this is that in order to obtain a common starting margin for each line, the leading line element must be inrremoval position directly against the feedvchannel C simultaneously with release of the line-follower and the lm holder from their line-starting positions. In other words, if a line were to 'be composed with a shortage in excess of the maximum measuring capacity of the compacting members, the line-follower and lm holder when released would have to partake of an initial free advance (to the extent of the diiference between the maximum range of the compacting members and the excessive shortage) in order to bring the leading element up to the feed channel. As a result, the starting pointof the line reproduced on the lm would be indented relative to the desired common or flush-left margin to the extent of such initial advance. Obviously, any line that does not contain suncient words or characters to come within a measuring range of 3 ems may be composed to within such range simply by adding suflicient blank orso-called spacer elements to fill it out to within such measuring range.

As best seen in Fig5 and indicated in Fig. l, the upright position of the hand lever 58 is designated J for justification and this is the normal position of the lever for producing justified lines of any kind whatsoever. In other words, when the lever 58 is set at the J position, any line of elements delivered to the line measuring station of the machine will be measured for shortage by elevation of the hinged end of the control rail i9, and upon release of the line-follower and advance thereof and of the lm holder,

the measured amount of shortage will be dis-` tributed either throughout the reproduced line or over such portion thereof as determined by the adjusted position of the rail hinge 28 and the pivot 41 relative to the line-starting and lineending positions of the follower.

The line-follower I is released from its linestarting position (as determined by the setting of the rider 2 and sight-piece 8 along the feed rack 3) by retraction of the locking rod I2 `from engagement with the pinion II. Such retraction of the rod I2 is effected by downward pull of a cooperating shoe 8| secured to an upright slide rod 82, the latter being connected by a link 83, Fig. 8, to one arm of a lever 84 which is pivoted at 32 and is provided with a roller 85 adapted to track on a cam 8S. The rise 86a in the contour of the cam 85 is so located as to rock the lever $4 clockwise, in opposition to a spring 81, and thus cause the shoe to retract the rod I2 in timed relation with completion of the line measuring action induced 'by rotation of the cam 35 and subsequent locking of the toggle links 31 in 14 response to the cam 42. last element from a line thereof and return of the line-follower and the feed rack 3 to their normal positions, vthe locking rod I2 is restored into engagement with the pinion II by a spring (not shown, but encircling the rod I2 as in Patent 2,552,882) the lever 84 being rocked anticlockwise by the spring 81 in response to the receding contour of the cam 86 whereby to elevate the operating shoe 8 I.

As previously indicated, when the line-follower is released its step-by-step advances in response to each removal of ani element are transmitted to the lm holder by gear and shaft connections between the holder and the feed .rack 3.

pinion II (see Fig. 2) which is rotated by the feed rack 3 as it advances is one member of such motion Atransmitting connections. As the feed rack 3 advances, its right hand end is supported by a roller 88 carried by a bracket 89 secured to the rack and which tracks on a guide rail 90, as seen in Fig. l.

Summary In the foregoing description ithas been explained how different conditions of adjustment of the hinge 20 and pivot 41 of the -control rail I9 cause the justifying action of the improved apparatus to satisfy the justification requirements as measured by the compacting members sake of simplicity the line-follower I is shownV in each case at a starting position for producing a 30 em line, and the shortage measuring position of the plunger I4b, relative to the line follower, is indicated by dotted lines. Associated withl each figure is a printed pattern indicative of the nature of the line produced on the nlm (but portrayed in half size) from a composed line of elements presumed to be ahead of the linefollower. The path of travel of the roller I8, as the line-follower ladvances from its line-starting to its line-ending position, is indicated by the heavy dot-dash tracen Bearing in mind that the expression justifying action as herein used is synonymous with "distribution of measured line-shortage (the result of retreating action of the line-compacting members due to tracking of the roller I8 over the downwardly inclined control rail I9), the improved justifying apparatus functions to produce lines having six different characteristics, as follows:

Ordinary Zines justified throughout their Vlength.

Fig. 11 illustrates the condition prevailing when producing a line of the pattern AA which repv resents the ordinary variety of justied lines of text matter such as may be produced also with the-justifying apparatus shown in Patent Nos. 2,396,659 and 2,552,882. As shown, the axes of the rail hinge 2t land the rail tracking roller I8 After removal of the The bevel gear 9| secured to the front face of thek align vertically (the block 2I being set at 30 ems as in Fig, l), and as indicated by the dot-dash tracer, the roller i8 tracks along the downwardly inclined rail IS from its hinge to a point coincident with the rail supporting pivot 4l as the line-follower I advances from its em starting position to its line-ending position against the wall C of the element feed channel. Accordingly the compacting members partake of retreating action during removal of all of the elements from the composed line thereof and the justifying action is thus eiiective throughout the entire 36 em line AA reproduced on the lm.

Jasttfterl lines containing tabular matter at their starting eau',

TEig. 12 indicates the conditions prevailing when producing a line of the pattern BB which represents a justified line containing, for example -6 ems of tabular matter at its starting end. In such case the block 2l is set at the 24 em mark on the scale 24, as in Fig. 4, whereby the rail hinge 26 is correspondingly offset 6 ems from the 30 em starting position of the follower I. Accordingly, as indicated by the dot-dash tracer, the roller I8 tracks along the level top of the block 2l during the first 6 ems advance of thefollower (in response to removal of the tabular character-bearing elements present in the first 6 ems of the composed line of elements) and by so doing the compacting members are held against retreating. Then, during removal of the remaining elements the compacting members retreat as the roller I8 tracks along the inclined rail I9 from its hinge 28 to the line-ending point where its axis coincides with the axis of the rail supporting pivot lll and the follower simultaneously reaches the wall C of the element feed channel. rihus, the justifying action is rendered ineffective with respect to the 6 ems of tabular matter at the starting end of the justied 30 em line BB reproduced on the iilm.

It will be observed that the block 2I is inscribed with the letter' L by which the operator may immediately identify it as the proper one to adjust for left hand tabular work. Also it should be noted that while the length of the block 2i is herein shown suiiicient to permit offsetting of the hinge 2li for only about 10 ems of tabular matter, this is a purely arbitrary limitaf tion by way of example only.

' Justijied lines containing tabular matter at their terminal end Fig. 13 indicates the condition prevailing when producing a line of the pattern CC which represents a justified line containing, for example, l0 eins of tabular matter at its terminal end. in such case the block ZI is set at 30 ems in co1'- respondence with the line-starting position of the follower I, as in Fig. 1 for example, whereby the rail hinge 2@ aligns vertically with the axis of the roller I8, whereas the block is adjusted to offset the pivot is? by 10 ems ahead of the line-ending position of the follower, as indicated on the scale in Fig. 3. Accordingly, as indicated by the dot-dash tracer, the roller I8 tracks along the downwardly inclined rail I9 from its hinge 2G to the point where its axis coincides with the pivot axis 4l, at which point the retreat of the compacting members is complete. Then, as the follower continues to advance, in response to removal of the tabular characterbearing elements present in the last 10 ems of the composed line of elements, the roller I8 leaves the rail I9 and moves in a horizontal path along with the follower to the line-ending position of the latter against the Wall C. Thus, the justifying action is rendered ineffective with respect to the 10 ems of tabular matter at the terminal end of the justified 30 em line CC reproduced on the nlm.

It will be observed in Fig. 1 that the block 50 is inscribed with the letter R by which the operator may immediately identify it as the proper one to adjust for right hand tabular work. Also it should be noted that as herein shown the block 50 may be adjusted to oiiset the pivot 4l for as much as i4 ems of tabular matter (as indicated on the scale 55) but that this is an arbitrary condition subject to variation as Amay be desired.

Jastijied lines containing tabular matter at both ends Figure 14 indicates the condition prevailing when producing a line of the pattern DD which represents a justified line containing, for example, 6 ems of tabular matter at its starting end and l0 ems of tabular matter at its terminal end. In such case the block 2I is set at the 24 ein mark on the scale 24, as in Figs. 4 and 12, and the rail pivot 4l is set at the 10 em mark on the scale 55, as in Figs. 3 and 13. Accordingly, as indicated by the dot-dash tracen during the advance of the follower I from its 30 em linestarting position to its line-ending position against the wall C, the roller I8 tracks along the level top of the block 2! for the rst 6 ems, then along the downwardly inclined rail I9 for the next 14 ems whereupon its axis coincides with the axis of the rail pivot lil, then in a horizontal path as the follower advances the last 10 ems to the wall C. Thus, the justifying action is eiiective only over such 14 ein portion of the justified 30 em line DD as is reproduced on the iilm while the roller I8 tracks on the rail I9 between its hinge 20 and its pivot 4l.

Uagiastijea lines, flash at their starting ends Fig. 15 indicates the condition prevailing when producing lines of the pattern EE which are unjustified lines of random length but all starting at a common hush-left margin. In such case the locking bolt 5l is inserted in the slot G4 formed in the rail I9 by setting the lever 58 to the E L. position, whereupon the rail IS elevates parallel throughout its length and in consequence elevates the pivot 6l to the top of the slots 48, as shown, while at the same time actuating the compacting members. As already explained in connection with using the bolt 51, each line of elements is composed to within the maximum lineshortage measuring range of the compacting members (sa-y 3 ems), as by adding blank spacer' elements, if necessary, beyond the last characterbearing element, thus to enable the compacting members, when actuated, to press the leading line element against the wall C of the feed channel ready for removal simultaneously with release of the follower and the film holder from their starting positions. Also as previously explained, the block 2| is set at the 42 ein mark on the scale 24 in order to dispose the rail I9 in proper position for the insertion of the bolt 5'.' therein. The line-follower however is set at the aforesaid 30 em line-starting position herein used throughout for illustrative purposes. Accordingly, the character reproduced on the nlm from the first element removed from each line starts at the same marginal indention, and as indicated by the dot-dash tracer the roller IB simply tracks along the elevated but level rail i9 to its line ending point coincident with the pivot axis lll and the compacting members are thus held against retreating movement. Thus, the justifying action is rendered ineffective entirely and the reproduced lines EE are flush at the left or start.-

' ing margin but end at random points according to the disposition of the last character-bearing element in the composed line of elements.

Uniustified Zines, flush at their terminal ends Fig. 16 indicates the condition prevailing when producing lines of the pattern FF which are unjustified lines of random length but all ending at a common flush-right margin. In such case the locking bolt 56 is shifted into active position by `setting the lever 58 to the R R. position, whereupon the rods 2i are locked against elevating the rail I9 and the compacting members are not actuated at all. Accordingly, when the linefollower is released from its 30 em starting position (or any other starting position for which it may be set) it advances freely until the leading line element (either a blank spacer or a character-bearing element) is brought against the Wall C of the feed channel, then continues to advanoeas the successive elements are removed, to its line-ending position. Meanwhile, as indicated by the dot-dash tracer,- the roller I8 simply moves in a path parallel to and clear of the rail I9 to its line-ending `point coincident with the pivot axis di. Thus, the justifying action is rendered ineffective entirely and the lines f reproduced on the film start at random points consistent with the ldisposition of thenrst character-bearing element in each composed line of elements, but terminate at a common point or flush-right margin, such point being the lineending point in the travel of the line-follower and which is constant in respect to every line produced by the machine.

The embodiment of the invention as herein shown and described is merely by way of example and the form and arrangement of the various parts and their mode of operation may be varied in many different ways, and the invention may be applied yto photographic line-composing machines differing in various ways from the one herein shown and employing other forms of character-bearing elements or character representing means than herein shown so long as there exists the essentials for letter-by-letter production of justified lines of type matter. It is to be understood, therefore, that the invention is limited only insofar as expressed in the appended claims.

Having described my invention, I claim:

l. Justifying apparatus for use in photographic line-composing machines wherein lines of type matter justified to a length corresponding to a selected column width are produced from lines of photographable character-bearing elements composed to a. length less than such column width, said apparatus comprising a line follower embodying coactable line-measuring members having a limited measuring range andoperative within such limit to measure the shortage in length of the composed line of elements, said follower and members being movable` in a path from a starting position corresponding to the l justified length of line to be produced toa fixed line-ending position corresponding to the right lhand margin of ,thef column, a control rail hinged at one end thereof to a member adjustable endwise of said path to locate said hinge in correspondence with any line-length starting position ofsaid follower, the free end of said rail being slidably connected to a pivoted fulcrum, operating means for elevating said adjustable memberv to actuate said measuring members to the extent of line-shortage and to cause said rail to rswing on its hinge and roel:l on said fulcrum into an angular position in the path of said members determined by the amount of shortage measured, and means for moving the line-follower along said path, said measuring members under control of said angularly disposed rail during movement of the follower operating to justify the line produced to the selected column width.

2. Justifying apparatus according to claim 1,v

wherein rthe operating means for .elevating the adjustable member to which the control rail is hinged comprises lever means connected to said member and responsive to a cam, and wherein there is provided a cam actuated lock operated in timed vrelation to elevation of the adjustable member and operative toy hold said member and by. it said rail in elevated position during movement of the line-follower.

3. Justifying apparatus according to claim 1, including a pair of locking bolts movable manually, when desired, into active positions for locking the control rail against movement to an inclination in the pathof movement of the linefollower and in consequence ineffective to control the line measuring member, said bolts being ,operatively connected lto a controly memberk adapted to be set at a position wherein neither bolt is active and the apparatusV operates to produce justified lines, or at a position wherein one or the other of the bolts is active to render justifying action of the apparatus ineffective.

4. Justifying apparatus adapted for use -in lphotographic line composing machines of the character rdescribed for selectively producing lines of type matter justified to a commonlength corresponding to a given column width or unjustified lines of random length iiush at the left or at the right hand margin of a column, said apparatus comprising a line-follower em `bodying coactabie line-shortage measuring members and movable in a horizontal path from a line-starting position corresponding to a justified line-length for the given column width to a fixed yline-ending position corresponding to the right bers to the extent of line-shortage andto rock said rail on said fulcrum to an inclination downwardly kin the path of movement of the linefollower mechanically related tothe shortage measured, means for moving the line-follower along said path to cause said membersunder control of the downwardly inclined rail ,to retreat from their actuated position to the extent of the shortage measured and thus justify the .line produced tothe required length, and locking devices selectively movable manually, when desired, into such locking relation with the control rail as to cause the coactable members during movement of the line-follower to be unaffected by said rail and the lines produced to be unjustified and flush at their left or right hand ends according to the locking device selected.

5. Justifying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the selectively movable locking devices specified comprise a flush-right bolt movable into an active position for locking the supporting member and the control rail hinged thereto against elevation and actuation of the linemeasuring members, and a flush-left bolt movable into locking engagement with the free end of the control rail and adapted to cause the rail to elevate horizontally and actuate the linemeasuring members, said rail under either such conditions extending parallel relative to the path of movement of the line-follower and the coactable members carried thereby and accordingly being inoperative to exercise justifying action on said members, whereby the lines produced are unjustified and are flush at the left or at the right margin of a column according to the bolt moved into active position.

6. Justifying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hinge of the control rail is adjustable to points offset from the starting position of the line-follower and the rail supporting fulcrum to points offset from the line-ending position of the follower, elevation of the member to which the rail is hinged operating to rock the rail to an inclination commensurate with whatever foreshortened distance may be caused to exist due to either or both such adjustments but still related to the shortage measured, and said members retreating under control of the altered inclination of the rail to an extent to justify the line produced to a length corresponding to the given column width.

7. Apparatus for producing .justified lines of type matter in typographical line composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower including co-actable lineshortage measuring members and movable in a horizontal path from a line-starting position corresponding to a justified length of line desired to produce to a fixed line-ending position, a vertically movable support including a member adjustable therealong to positions between the line-starting and line-ending positions of Said follower, a justification control rail hingedly connected to said adjustable member and providing an extension thereof in the directionof movement of the follower and in the path of said co-actable members, a pivoted fulcrum slidably supporting the free end of said control rail, operating means for elevating-said vertically movable support relative to said fulcrum to cause said rail, from its hinged connection to said adjustable member, to extend in angular relation to the path of the co-actable members and concurrently to cause said member to actuate the co-actable members in a line-measuring direction, the extent of such actuation governing the angular relation assumed by said rail, and means for moving the follower and co-actablemembers along said path, said members under control of said angular rail retreating from their actuated position and by such retreating action operating to justify the line of type matter produced to the extent of the measured line-shortage.

8. A combination as set forth in claim 7, including as an additional element a bolt movable manually, when desired, into engagement with the operating means for elevating the vertically movable support, said bolt being adapted to lock said support and in consequence said rail against elevation to actuate the co-actable members, whereby lines produced by movement of the linefollower from itsvstarting to its line-ending position are unjustified and terminate at acommon end point corresponding to the fixed lineending position of the follower.

9. A combination as set forth in claim 7, including as an additional element a bolt movable manually, when desired, into position for locking said control rail to said vertically movable support prior to elevation thereof, said bolt being adapted upon elevation of said support to elevate the rail into a horizontal disposition in the path of the follower, and said rail when so disposed operating to hold said co-actable members in their actuated position and incapable of effecting justifying action during movement of the line-follower from its starting to its fixed line-ending position, whereby lines produced are unjustified and terminate irregularly relative to the line-ending position of the follower'.

10. Apparatus for use in producing justified lines of type matter in photographic line composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower including co-actable line-shortage measuring members and movable in a path from a line-starting position corresponding to a justified length of line desired to produce to a fixed line-ending position, a vertically movable support, a slidable member adjustable along said support and adapted upon elevation of said support to actuate said co-actable members to the extent of line-shortage, a justification control rail hingedly connected at one end thereof to said slidable member and adapted upon elevation of said support to provide an angular extension from said slidable member disposed in the direction of movement of said line-follower for cooperation with said co-actable members during movement of the follower along said path, a pivoted fulcrurn slidably supporting the portion of said control rail extending from said slidable member, said fulcrum being adjustable endwise relative to said rail to vary the angle thereof relative to said slidable member, as determined by the extent said member elevates in actuating the co-actable members, operating means for elevating said support and by it said slidable member to actuate the co-actable members, and means for moving the follower along said path, said co-actable members operating in response to the angularly disposed portion of said rail between its hinge and said fulcrum to justify the line produced to the desired length.

ll. Apparatus for producing justified lines of type matter in typographical line composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower including co-actable line-shortage measuring members and movable in a path from line-starting to line-ending positions spaced apart in correspondence with a justified length of line desired to produce, a vertically movable support, a slidable member adjustable along said support to positions corresponding to or offset from the line-starting position of the line-follower, a justification control rail hingedly connected at one end thereof to said slidable member, said rail being adapted upon elevation of said member to swing on its hinge to an angular disposition in the direction and in the path of movement of said line-follower, and elevation of said member concurrently actuating said co-actable mem- 'bers to the extent'of line-shortage to be accounted for in effecting justification, a vertically stationary support and a member carried thereby including a pivoted fulcrum slidably supporting" the free end portion of said control rail, said fulcrum being adjustable along said stationary support to vary the distance between it and the hinge of Vsaid control rail in accordance with the extent `of the line to be produced whichis to be subjected to justifying action, operating means for elevating said vertically `movable support, and.

means for moving the line-follower along said path, said co-actable members responding only to theangularly disposed portion of the rail between' Aits hinge and said fulcrum to effect justifying action in the amount required to produce a line of the desired length.

12.v In justication apparatus for use in photographic line composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower cooperative with the terminal end of a line of photographable lcharacter-bearing elements Vcomposed to a length less than the length of line desired to produce therefrom, said follower including co-actable line-shortage measuring members and movable in a path from line-starting to lineending positions spaced apart in correspondence with the desired length of line to be produced, a justification control rail hinged at one end there- `-of to a vertically movable supporting block coextensive with the rail and the free end of the rail being supported on a ulerum, said rail eX- tending in the direction of movement of the follower and being adapted by elevation of said block i to lswing onits hinge and rock on said ful-crum vto'an angular vdisposition relative to said path, .and said block when elevated being adapted to actuate said co-actable members to the extent of the shortage in the length of the composed line of elements, operating means for elevating said supporting block to actuate the co-actable members and concurrently to cause'said rail to assume an angular disposition detemined by the extent said members are actuated, and means for moving the line-follower along said path to cause .saidco-actable lmembers to track along said angularly disposed rail, said members in response to said rail being adapted to retreat from their Y actuated position and in so doing to justify the line produced to the extent of the measured amount of line-shortage.

13. Apparatus for producing justified lines of l, type matter in typographical line composing machines of the character described, in combination,

a line-follower including co-actable line-shortage measuring members and movable in a path from a line-starting position corresponding to a justined length of lineto be produced to a fixed line- 1- ending position, a vertically movable frame including a horizontal cross-bar, a block adjustable endwise along said cross-bar, a control railv hingedly connected at one end thereof to said adjustable block and adapted upon elevation of said frame to cause said rail to extend angularly in the path of the line-follower to control line justifying action by cooperation with said co-actable members during movement of the follower, a pivoted fulcrum normally located in correspondence with the fixed line-ending position of the line-follower,

said fulcrum slidably supporting the extending said fulcrum, operating means for elevating said frame and by it said block to actuate said coactable members and relate the angle of the extension of said rail in the path ofthe follower to the shortage measured by actuation of said members, and means for moving the follower along saidpath relative to said 'block and said rail to produce the justified line of type matter, said line being subjected to justifying action throughout or over only a portion thereof according to the adjusted position of the hinged end of the control rail.

14. A combination as set forth in claim 13,

wherein the pivoted fulcrum Specified is adjust-` able to selected points oiset from its normal position in a direction toward the hinged end of the rail, whereby justifying action on the line-produced terminates before the line-follower reaches the xed line-ending position.

l5. Apparatus foruse in producing justified lines of type matter in typographical line composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower including co-actable line-shortage'measuring members and movable in a path from a line-starting position corresponding to a justified length of line to be produced to a fixed line-ending position, a vertically movable frame including a horizontal cross-bar, a justification control rail hingedly connected at one end to a block adjustable along said crossbar and having a flat top surface `co-extensive with the rail, said rail upon elevation of said frame extending angularly from said block in the direction of movement of said line-follower and elevation of said block operating to actuate said co-actable members and relate the angle of the rail to the amount of line-shortage measured by the extent of their actuation, an adjustable fulcrum slidably supporting the extending portion of said rail Iwhereby said block and rail are adjustable endwise as a unit to locate the hinge of the rail at line-length positions offset from the starting position of the line-follower in a direction toward said fulcrum, operating means for Velevating said frame and locking means for holding it in elevated position, and means operative to move said follower along said path with the co-actable members in `cooperative relation with said block and the angular extension of said rail, y-s'aid members and follower operating in response to the angular extension of the rail beyond the offset location of its hinge to justify the line of angular relation to the path of said follower related to the line-shortage measured by actuation of said members and for traversing engagement therewith of said members during movement of the follower, means slidably mounting said control rail for endwise adjustment of its hinge to points offset from the line-starting position of the follower in a direction toward its line-ending position, whereby to limit the length thereof to be traversed by said co-actable members, means `operative to elevate the .hinged end of said rail to actuate the co-actable members to the extent of vline-shortage and vconcurrently to dispose the rail angularly relative to the path of the'follower while the latter is at its line-starting position, and means forsubseduently moving the follower and said co-actable members along said path, traversal of said members along the angulariy disposed rail operating to effect justifying action over the corresponding Aportion of the line produced as the lfollower moves from its starting to its line-ending position.

17. In justification apparatus for use in typographical line composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower including co-actable line-shortage measuring members adapted to effect line-justifying action to the extent of the shortage measured thereby, said follower' being movable in a path from linestarting to line-ending positions spaced apart in correspondence with a justified length of line desired to produce, a justiiication control rail hingedly connected at one end to a member adjustable to dispose the hinge of the rail at a point between said line-starting and line-ending positions corresponding to the extent of the line to be produced which is to be subjected to linejustifying action, said rail extending endwise from said member in the direction of movement of the line-follower and said member being adapted to actuate said co-actable Ymembers to the extent of the justifying action required, cam operated means operable to elevate said adjustable member to actuate the co-actable members and in turn to dispose said control rail at an angle in the path of movement of said line-follower and co-actable members determined by the extent of actuation of the latter, and means for moving the follower and co-actable members along said path, said members remaining inactive while moving relative to the elevated adjustable member but reacting to the rail extending angularly therefrom to justify the line produced to the desired length.

18. In justification apparatus for use in photographic line-composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower including co-actable line-shortage measuring members and movable in a path from a linestarting position corresponding to a justified length of line to be produced to a fixed line-ending position, a justification control rail extending in the path of said line-follower, said rail being hingedly mounted at one end thereof and adapted to actuate said co-actable members to the extent of line-shortage to be accounted for in effecting justification, an adjustable block normally supporting the hinged end of said control rail in correspondence with the line-starting position of the line-follower, a pivoted fulcrum supporting the free end portion of said rail and relative to which the rail is shiftable endwise by adjustment of said block to locate its hinge at points offset from the line-starting position of the follower toward said fulcrum, means operative to elevate said block to actuate said co-actable members and to dispose the rail at an angle determined by the extent of actuation of said members and the distance between the hinge of the rail and said fulcrum, and means for moving the follower along said path with said members in cooperative relation first with said block and then with the angular portion of the rail up to said fulcrum to produce the justified line, said line being subjected to justifying action only over theportionproduced as the coactable members `move relative to the angular portion of said rail.

i9. A combination as set forth in claim 18, wherein the pivoted fulcrum supporting the free end portion of the control rail is adjustable relative to the rail to dispose it at points offset toward the hinge cf the rail, whereby justifying action on the line produced terminates when the moving follower reaches said fulcrum and before it reaches its line-ending position.

20. in justification apparatus for use in photokgraphic line composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower Imovable in a path from line-starting to line-ending positions spaced apart in correspondence with a justified length of line desired to produce. a justification control rail extending in the path of the follower, said rail being hingedly mounted at one end thereof and slidably supported for endwise ladjustment of its hinge in correspondence with the line-starting position of said follower, pivot means supporting the portion of said rail extending from its hinge and adjustable endwise relative to the rail from the line-ending position of the follower toward its line-starting position, means for locking said rail and said supporting pivot in positions of relative endwise adjustment, means operative to elevate said control rail at its hinged end and accordingly to rock the rail on its supporting pivot to an angular disposition determined by the adjustedpcsition of said pivot relative to said hinge, and'means for moving the follower along said path to produce a line justified to the desired length, said follower cooperating with the angular portion of said rail up to its supporting pivot to effect justifying action over the vcorresponding yportion of the line produced.

2l. In justification apparatus for use in typographical line composing machines of the character described, the combination with a line-follower movable in a path from `line-starting to line-ending positions spaced apart in correspondence with a selected line-length to be produced, of a slidable member mounted for endwise adjustment relative to any line-starting position of said line-follower, a justification control rail hingedly connected to said member and extending inthe direction of movement of said linefollower, means for securing said member in different positions of endwise adjustment, means operative to elevate said member into cooperative relation with said follower and in turn to dispose said control rail at an angle in the path of the follower determined by the adjusted position of said member, and means for moving the follower under control of said angularly disposed rail to effect justifying action on the line produced.

.22. In justification apparatus for use in photographic line-composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower movable in a path from line-starting to line-ending positions spaced apart in correspondence with a justified length of line desired to produce, a justification control rail hinged at one end thereof and slidably mounted for endwise adjustment of its hinge in correspondence with the line-starting position of'said follower or to points offset toward its line-ending position, pivot means supporting the portion of said rail extending from its hinge and adjustable to points offset from said lineending position toward said starting position, means for releasably locking said rail in its endwise adjusted position, means operable to elevate thehinged end of said rail and rock the rail on said pvot to an angular disposition in the path ofmovement of the line-follower, and means for moving the follower along saidpath to produce a lineV justified to the desired-length, said follower cooperating with'the angular portion ofsaid rail between itshinge and its pivot supportr to effect justifying action over the .corresponding portion of the line produced.

'2,3.;In justification apparatus for use in photographic line composing machines of the character described, wherein lines of type matter justified to a 'desired length are produced from composed lines of photographic character bearing elements, in combination, a line-follower cooperative with a composed line of elements and movable from any preset line-starting position within the maximum line-length capacity of the machine to a fixed line-ending position, and a justification control rail hingedly secured at one end thereof to a supporting member, said member being slidably mounted for endwise adjustment of said hinge to line-length positions between said starting and `line--ending positions', said control rail being disposed to cooperate with the line-follower during movement thereof to eifect line-justifying action and being operable, in accordance with the adjusted position of its hinge to limitthe justifying action to that portion of the line produced as the follower moves relative to said rail from the hinge thereof to said fixed line-ending position.

24. In justifying apparatus for use in photographic line composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower movable in a path from a selected line-starting position corresponding to a justified length of line desired to produce to a fixed line-ending position, a justification control rail adapted' to cooperate with said line-follower during movement thereof between such positions, a member hingedly supporting said rail' at one vend thereof and adjustable endwise to dispose the hinge of the rail in correspondence with any selected linestarting position of the line-follower, operating means for elevating said rail supporting member and concurrently disposing the rail at an angular inclination relative to the path of movement of the follower related to the amount of justification required, and means for moving the follower along said path in cooperative relation with said rail, said follower responding to the inclination of the rail to justify the line produced to the length desired.

25. Justifying apparatus for use in typographical line vcomposing machines of the character` described, comprising a line-follower movable from a line-starting position corresponding to a selected line-length of type matter to be pro- I duced to a fixed line-ending position, and a pivoted justification control rail movable into an angular position for cooperation with said line-follower during movement thereof to effect linejustifying action, said rail being mounted for endwise adjustment to positions at variance with the line-starting position of said follower to limit the justifying action of the rail thereon to that portion of the line produced as the follower moves from the adjusted position of the rail to said fixed line-ending position.y

26. In justifying apparatus for use in photographic line composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower movablein a path from line-starting to lineending positions spaced apart in correspondence with a justified length vof line to be produced `from a composed line of photographic characterbearing elements short of such length and disposed loetweensuch positions, a justication control railadapted by cooperation with said linefollower moving in said path to effect line-justifying action, said rail being hingedly supported on a member adjustable to dispose the hinge of the rail in correspondence with any line-starting position of the follower or at points offset toward its line-ending position, means operative i 27. In justifying apparatus for use in typo-V graphical line composing machines of the character described; a justication control rail comprising a short supporting section and an elongated section, said sections being hingedly connected in end-to-end relation; a vertically movable supporting frame, a blockslidably mounting said short rail section on said frame for endwise adjustment bodily of said control rail relative thereto, a vertically stationary support and a bracket slidably mounted thereon for adjust- Yment endwise relative thereto, a pivoted fulcrum supported in said bracket including a stirrup slidably connecting the elongated section of said control rail to said fulcrum, operating means for elevating said supporting frame to raise said short rail section to cause the elongated rail section to swing on its hinge to an angle determined by the adjusted position of said fulcrum relative to said hinge, locking means for locking said supporting frame in elevated position, and means for locking said control rail and said fulcrum supporting bracket in relative adjusted positions on their respective supports.

Y, 28. In justifying apparatus for use in typographical line composing machines of the characterdescribed, a justification control rail comprising short and long sections hingedly connected in end-to-end relation, a vertically movable supporting frame, means slidably mounting the short rail section on said frame for endwise adjustment relative thereto, a fixed support having a bracket slidably mounted thereon, said bracket supporting a rpivoted fulcrum adapted for movement vertically relative to the bracket, a stirrupslidably connecting the long section of said control rail to said fulcrum, operating means for elevating saidsupporting frame to raise said shortrail section and cause the longer section thereof to' swing relative thereto to an angle determined by the adjusted position of said fulcrum relative to said hinge, a bolt movable manually, when desired, to a position for connecting said long rail section to said supporting frame when the latter is in lowered position, whereby upon elevation of the frame said long rail section is elevated in parallel alignment with the short rail section and said fulcrum is correspondingly elevated relative to its supporting bracket.

29. In justifying apparatus for use in photographic line composing machines whereinlines of type matter of a desired length are produced from composed lines of photographable character-bearing elements, the combination of a line-follower movable in a horizontal path from line-starting to line-ending positions spaced apart in correspondence with a justified length of line desired to produce, said follower embodying co-actable line-shortage measuring members cooperative with the terminal end of a composed line of elements in its path of movement; a justification control rail supported at one end on a hinge and adapted to be elevated at such end to a downward inclination relative to the path of the follower and by such elevation to actuate said co-actable members, said members being adapted to move in a direction away from the follower while at its line-starting position and compact lthe composed line of elements endwise to the extent of its shortage over the length of line to be produced, and to retreat toward the follower from their actuated position, under control of the downwardly inclined rail, as the follower moves from its line-starting to its line-ending position, such retreat of said members operating to distribute the measured shortage in the photographically reproduced line and thus justify such line to the desired length; operatingr means for elevating said control rail to actuate said co-actable members, and means mounting the hinged end of said rail for adjustment to points such that the inclined portion of the rail extends throughout the path of the follower or over a portion only of said path, whereby the justifying action due to retreat of said co-actable members is effective over all or a portion only of the reproduced line.

30. In justifying apparatus for use in photographic line composing machines wherein lines of type matter of a desired length are produced from composed lines of photographable character-bearing elements, the combination of a line-follower cooperative with a composed line of elements and movable from a pre-set line-starting position to a fixed line-ending position spaced from said starting position in correspondence with the length of line desired to produce; coactable line-shortage measuring members carried by said line-follower and adapted to compact the composed line of elements endwise to provide a measure of its shortage in length relative to the length of line to be produced; a justification control rail hinged at one end to a supporting block, said rail being adapted by elevation of said block to swing to a downward inclination from its hinge and said block operating to actuate said co-actable members, in opposition to a spring, in a line compacting direction away from the follower to the extent of theA measurable amount of shortage in the line, said co-a-ctable members being adapted to track along said control rail as the follower moves from its linestarting to its line-ending position and in responseto the inclination of the rail to retreat toward the follower from their actuated position, whereby to distribute the measured amount of shortage into the line produced to effect justification thereof, and operating means for elevating said rail supporting block including a member on which said block is adjustable endwise in correspondence with line-starting positions of the follower for producing lines from the shortest to the longest within the capacity' of the machine, said block when elevated in any such adjusted position operating to actuate the coactable members to any extent up to their maximum measuring range.

3l. In justifying apparatus for use in photographic line composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower movable: from linee-starting to line-ending positions spaced apart in correspondence with a justified length of line desired to produce; coactable line-shortage measuring members oarried by said line-follower and adapted while the latter is in its line-starting position to compact a composed line of character-bearing elements endwise to the extent of its shortage in length relative to the length of the line to be` produced therefrom; a justification control rail hinged at the end thereof toward the line-starting position of. th'e follower to an elongated supporting block, said rail being adapted by elevation of said block to swing to an inclination downwardly from its hinge and elevation of said block operating to a'ctuate said co-actable members in a line-compacting direction away from the follower and thereby provide a measure of the amount of shortage in. the line, and said members being adapted to track along said rail as the follower moves from its starting to its line-ending position and to gradually retreat toward the follower under. control of the inclination of the rail, whereby to distribute the measured shortage into the photographically reproduced line to effect justification thereof, and operating means for elevating said rail supporting block, said operating means including a member on which said block is adjustable endwise to dispose the hinge of the rail in correspondence with the line-starting position of theV follower or at pointsl offset therefrom toward its line-ending position and accordingly to cause the justifying action due to retreat of the co-actable members to be effective over all or a portion only of the photographically reproduced line.

32. Justifying apparatus for use in photographic line-composing machines wherein photographic character-bearing elements composed into a line of less than a desired justified length are presented for exposure individually at a photographing position to produce therefrom a line of type matter of the length desired, said apparatus comprising a line-follower adjustable to a line-starting position corresponding to the length of line desired and adapted to advance the composed line of elements from such position to a line-ending position to present the successive elements for exposure, a justification control rail extending in the direction of advance of the line-follower and hinged to a member adjustable to a position in correspondence with the line-starting position of the follower, lineshortage measuring members operatively associated with the follower and adapted to cooperate with said control rail as the follower moves to advance the composed line of elements, operating means operative when the follower is in starting position to move said adjustable member in a direction to move the line-measuring members relative to the follower to the extent that the composed line of elements is short of the length of line to be produced and to concurrently rock the control rail to an inclination determined by the extent of movement of the measuring members, `and means subsequently operative to move the line-follower to advance the composed line of elements and by cooperation between the line-measuring members and the inclined control rail to justify the line produced to the extent of the measured shortage.

33. J usti'fying apparatus for use in photographic line-composing machines wherein lines of type matter are produced by exposing photographic type characters individually in succession and in 2'@ such spaced relation as to justify the lines produced to a desired length, in combination, a follower movable in a path from an adjustable linestarting position corresponding to the rst type character to be produced to a line-ending position, co-actable members operatively associated with said follower and movable relative thereto when the follower is in starting position to an extent equal to the amount of justification required, a justification control member adapted to move said co-actable members, said control member being hingedly mounted at a position in correspondence with the adjustable line-starting position of the follower and being adapted to swing on its hinge to an angular disposition in the path of the follower determined by the eX- tent to which it moves said members, operating means for swinging said control rail on its hinge, and means for moving the follower along said path, said co-actable members cooperating with f said angularly disposed rail to space the successively produced type characters in justified relation.

34. A combination as set forth in claim 33, including a lm holder operatively connected to the follower for conjoint movement therewith to receive the successive character exposures in the spaced relation determined by cooperation of the co-actable members with the angularly disposed control rail as the follower moves from its starting to its line-ending position.

35. In justifying apparatus for use in photographic line composing machines of the character described, 'in combination, a line-follower movable from a line-starting position to a lineending position along a path having a length corresponding to a selected line length of type matter to be produced from a composed line of photographic character-bearing elements adapted to be moved along said path by said linefollower, a justification control rail movable into an operative position for cooperation with said line-follower to effect line-justification action during movement of said elements by said linefollower along a selected portion of said path,

said line-follower including means movable to compact said line of elements and retractable as said line-follower moves along said path, said movable means being positioned to engage said control rail when said rail is in said operative position to cause said rail to control retraction of said movable means, and a pivotal mounting for said control rail movable to selectable locations to modify said operative position of said control rail whereby the portion of said path along which said line-justifying action is effected can be selectively varied.

36. In justifying apparatus for use in photographic line composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower movable from a line-starting position to a lineending position along a path having a length corresponding to a selected line length of type matter to be produced from a composed line of photographic character-bearing elements adapted to be moved along said path by said linefollower, a justification control nail movable into an angular operative position for cooperation with said line-follower to eiect line-justifying action during movement of said elements by said line-follower along a selected portion of said path, said line-follower including means movable to compact said line of elements and retractable as said line-follower moves along said path, said movable means being positioned to engage said control rail when said rail is in said operative position to cause said rail to control retraction of said movable means, and :a pivotal mounting for said control rail movable to selectable locations intermediate said line-starting and lineending positions to vary the angle of said control nail when it is at said operative position, whereby the portion of said path along which said linejustifying action is eifected can be selectively varied.

37. In justifying apparatus for use in photographic line composing machines of the character described, in combination, a line-follower movable from a line-starting position to a lineending position along a path having a length corresponding to a selected line length of type matter to be produced from a composed line of photographic character-bearing elements adapted to be moved along said path by said line-follower, a justication control rail movable into an operative position for cooperation with said line-follower to effect line-justifying action during movement of said elements by said line-follower along a selected portion of said path, said line-follower including means movable to compact said line of elements and retractable as said line-follower moves along said path, said movable means being positioned to engage said control rail when said rail is in said operative position to cause said rail to control retraction of said movable means, a supporting bar arranged substantially parallel to said path, and a pivotal mounting for said control rail mounted on said supporting bar and slidable thereon to selectable locations intermediate said line-starting and lineending positions to modify said operative position of said control rail, whereby the portion of said path along which said line-justifying action is effected can be selectively varied.

38. Apparatus according to claim 37 and wherein said bar includes a rack and said pivotal mounting is provided with a detent resiliently urged into engagement with said rack and manually disengageable from said rack to permit movement of said mounting with respect to said supporting bar.

HERMAN R. FREUND.

References Cited in the iile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

